Phase Transformations in Heterogeneous Steels

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D61121 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Sortir du ghetto les histoires non occidentales

Cet essai considère les influences d’une éducation indienne dans une ville de province et dans une métropole ainsi que des séjours universitaires en Grande-Bretagne et aux États-Unis, sur le développement d'un historien au sein du groupe des historiens indiens des Subaltern Studies. Il propose de nouveaux moyens d'écrire les histoires de l’« Orient » afin qu’elles soient soumises à des lectures différentielles dans les pays où elles sont localisées et en Occident. Accéder à la demande de rendre l’« Orient » non familier accessible sous une forme familière en « Occident », conclut l’essai, c'est se faire le complice de la production d'histoires dominantes « ghettoïsées ».De-getthoizing Histories of the Non-West. — This piece reflects on the influences of small-town and metropolitan education in India, and academic sojourns in England and USA on the development of one historian within the subaltern studies group of historians of India. It builds a case for newer ways of writing the histories of “the East”, so as to be amenable to differential readings both in the countries of their location and in the West. To accede to the demand of making the unfamiliar “East” accessible in familiar ways in “the West” the piece concludes, is to be complicit in the production of ghettoized mainstream histories

Mini-stop bands in single heterojunction photonic crystal waveguides

Spectral characteristics of mini-stop bands (MSB) in line-defect photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides and in heterostructure PhC waveguides having one abrupt interface are investigated. Tunability of the MSB position by air-fill factor heterostructure PhC waveguides is utilized to demonstrate different filter functions, at optical communication wavelengths, ranging from resonance-like to wide band pass filters with high transmission. The narrowest filter realized has a resonance-like transmission peak with a full width at half maximum of 3.4 nm. These devices could be attractive for coarse wavelength selection (pass and drop) and for sensing applications.Support from the Swedish Research Council (VR) is gratefully acknowledged

Sentiment classification of Roman-Urdu opinions using Naïve Bayesian, Decision Tree and KNN classification techniques

AbstractSentiment mining is a field of text mining to determine the attitude of people about a particular product, topic, politician in newsgroup posts, review sites, comments on facebook posts twitter, etc. There are many issues involved in opinion mining. One important issue is that opinions could be in different languages (English, Urdu, Arabic, etc.). To tackle each language according to its orientation is a challenging task. Most of the research work in sentiment mining has been done in English language. Currently, limited research is being carried out on sentiment classification of other languages like Arabic, Italian, Urdu and Hindi. In this paper, three classification models are used for text classification using Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA). Opinions written in Roman-Urdu and English are extracted from a blog. These extracted opinions are documented in text files to prepare a training dataset containing 150 positive and 150 negative opinions, as labeled examples. Testing data set is supplied to three different models and the results in each case are analyzed. The results show that Naïve Bayesian outperformed Decision Tree and KNN in terms of more accuracy, precision, recall and F-measure

RNA interference-based resistance against a legume mastrevirus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>RNA interference (RNAi) is a homology-dependant gene silencing mechanism and has been widely used to engineer resistance in plants against RNA viruses. However, its usefulness in delivering resistance against plant DNA viruses belonging to family <it>Geminiviridae </it>is still being debated. Although the RNAi approach has been shown, using a transient assay, to be useful in countering monocotyledonous plant-infecting geminiviruses of the genus <it>Mastrevirus</it>, it has yet to be investigated as a means of delivering resistance to dicot-infecting mastreviruses. <it>Chickpea chlorotic dwarf Pakistan virus </it>(CpCDPKV) is a legume-infecting mastrevirus that affects chickpea and other leguminous crops in Pakistan.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here a hairpin (hp)RNAi construct containing sequences encompassing part of replication-associated protein gene, intergenic region and part of the movement protein gene of CpCDPKV under the control of the <it>Cauliflower mosaic virus </it>35S promoter has been produced and stably transformed into <it>Nicotiana benthamiana</it>. Plants harboring the hairpin construct were challenged with CpCDPKV. All non-transgenic <it>N. benthamiana </it>plants developed symptoms of CpCDPKV infection within two weeks post-inoculation. In contrast, none of the inoculated transgenic plants showed symptoms of infection and no viral DNA could be detected by Southern hybridization. A real-time quantitative PCR analysis identified very low-level accumulation of viral DNA in the inoculated transgenic plants.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The results presented show that the RNAi-based resistance strategy is useful in protecting plants from a dicot-infecting mastrevirus. The very low levels of virus detected in plant tissue of transgenic plants distal to the inoculation site suggest that virus movement and/or viral replication was impaired leading to plants that showed no discernible signs of virus infection.</p

Role of colonoscopy in haemorrhoids with other colorectal disorders

Background: Haemorrhoids are the enlargement or engorgement of the normal fibrovascular anal cushions. These fibrovascular cushions lose their attachment to the underlying rectal wall and lead to prolapse with repeated straining over time, thinning of rectal mucosa and subsequent bleeding. The objective of the present endeavour was to study the prevalence of associated colorectal lesions like colonic carcinoma, diverticular disease, inflammatory bowel disease which present the rectal bleeding and role of colonoscopy in these lesionsMethods: This study was conducted in hundred fifty patients presenting with bleeding and haemorrhoids were analyzed. All patients were examined locally and endoscopically. All significant endoscopic findings (diverticuli, polyps, cancer, angiodysplasia and varices or colitis) were recorded.Results: Majority of patients were males (102), accounting for (68 percent). The main symptom at the time of presentation was rectal bleeding (90 percent). The digital rectal examination was normal in 114 patients. The commonest finding on proctoscopy examination was haemorrhoids. Colonoscopy showed haemorrhoids in maximum patients (147 percent). The associate lesions with altered bowel habits were growth in 12, worm in 6, solitary rectal ulcer in 3, pancolitis in 3.Conclusions: It can be concluded that in the present study colonoscopy revealed a high proportion of colorectal pathologies with haemorrhoids presenting with bleeding per rectum.  Colonoscopy thus proved to be very useful procedure in patients with haemorrhoids especially in elderly

Management and pattern of pellet gun injuries in war conflicted Kashmir Valley, India

AbstractBackground: The pellet gun is a shot gun weapon which is used by law enforcement agencies to maintain law and order in conflict zones whenever need arises. Sometimes these minute sized pellets may lead to grave injuries to vital structures of the body which may sometimes led to permanent disability. The objective of this study was to investigations and manages these fatal injuries in war conflicted valley. Methods: The prospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Government Medical College Srinagar at the time of civilian unrest in 2016 and onwards when thousands of people were injured with pellets by security agencies. Results: Maximum number (67.1%) of patients had injuries to eyes and face, among the total number of patients 69 (17.2%) of patients had abdominal injuries. CECT abdomen showed pellets in all 69 (100%) of patients, pellets in gut lumen in 48 (69.5%) of patients. In the abdominal group 40 patients underwent laparotomy which showed hemoperitoneum in 49 (71.01%), pneumoperitoneum in 6 (8.69%) of patients. Conclusion: Pellet gun weapon has become a common arsenal to suppress the unarmed civilian agitation which may lead to fatal injuries to vital structures of body, where prognosis remained poor despite of best available treatment

Transient expression of βC1 protein differentially regulates host genes related to stress response, chloroplast and mitochondrial functions

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Geminiviruses are emerging plant pathogens that infect a wide variety of crops including cotton, cassava, vegetables, ornamental plants and cereals. The geminivirus disease complex consists of monopartite begomoviruses that require betasatellites for the expression of disease symptoms. These complexes are widespread throughout the Old World and cause economically important diseases on several crops. A single protein encoded by betasatellites, termed βC1, is a suppressor of gene silencing, inducer of disease symptoms and is possibly involved in virus movement. Studies of the interaction of βC1 with hosts can provide useful insight into virus-host interactions and aid in the development of novel control strategies. We have used the differential display technique to isolate host genes which are differentially regulated upon transient expression of the βC1 protein of chili leaf curl betasatellite (ChLCB) in <it>Nicotiana tabacum</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Through differential display analysis, eight genes were isolated from <it>Nicotiana tabacum</it>, at two and four days after infitration with βC1 of ChLCB, expressed under the control of the <it>Cauliflower mosaic virus </it>35S promoter. Cloning and sequence analysis of differentially amplified products suggested that these genes were involved in ATP synthesis, and acted as electron carriers for respiration and photosynthesis processes. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) play an important role in plant growth and development, cell protection, defence processes, replication mechanisms and detoxification responses. Kegg orthology based annotation system analysis of these DEGs demonstrated that one of the genes, coding for polynucleotide nucleotidyl transferase, is involved in purine and pyrimidine metabolic pathways and is an RNA binding protein which is involved in RNA degradation.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>βC1 differentially regulated genes are mostly involved in chloroplast and mitochondrial functions. βC1 also increases the expression of those genes which are involved in purine and pyrimidine metabolism. This information gives a new insight into the interaction of βC1 with the host and can be used to understand host-virus interactions in follow-up studies.</p

Subsurface methane leakage in unconventional shale gas reservoirs : A review of leakage pathways and current sealing techniques

The authors would like to thank the School of Engineering at the University of Aberdeen for providing the required facilities to complete this study.Peer reviewedPostprin